Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

Here is a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for the Sampling of Raw Water and Purified Water. This SOP outlines the correct procedure for the collection of water samples, ensuring that samples are representative and handled appropriately for quality testing.

1. Purpose

To ensure that the sampling of raw water and purified water is conducted in a consistent, accurate, and compliant manner, providing reliable results for quality control testing.

2. Scope

This SOP applies to all personnel involved in the sampling of raw water and purified water within [Company/Facility Name]. It covers the collection, handling, and transport of water samples for testing in the laboratory.

3. Responsibilities

• Sampling Personnel: Responsible for collecting water samples according to the SOP.

• Quality Control (QC) Personnel: Responsible for testing the water samples in compliance with established methods.

• Supervisor: Ensures compliance with this SOP and oversees the sampling process.

4. Materials and Equipment

• Clean, sterilized sample containers (appropriate size based on sampling requirements)

• Labels for sample identification

• Gloves, goggles, and other personal protective equipment (PPE)

• Sampling tools (e.g., sample bottles, spigots, or sampling taps)

• Cooling packs (if applicable, for transport)

• Transport containers for water samples

• Documentation forms (e.g., Sampling Log, Chain of Custody forms)

• Sample collection checklist

5. Procedure

5.1 Preparation for Sampling

1. Wear PPE:

   • Wear gloves and other appropriate PPE to avoid contamination of the sample.

   • Ensure that all necessary sampling equipment is clean and sterile if required.

2. Check Sample Containers:

   • Verify that all sample containers are clean, sterilized (if required), and properly labeled with relevant information (e.g., sample ID, date, time, location of collection, and operator’s name).

   • Use the correct size containers based on the sample volume requirements.

3. Review Sampling Plan:

   • Verify the sampling plan and the sampling points.

   • Ensure that samples are being taken at the designated points (e.g., raw water source, after filtration, at the storage tank).

5.2 Sampling of Raw Water

1. Location and Timing:

   • Collect raw water samples at specified points (e.g., well, river, storage tanks) and at appropriate intervals as outlined in the water quality monitoring plan.

   • Ensure the sampling is done during normal operation to get representative samples.

2. Sampling Procedure:

   • Clean the sampling tap, faucet, or collection device thoroughly before taking the sample.

   • If using a spigot or faucet, run the water for approximately 2–3 minutes to flush out any stagnant water.

   • Place the sample container directly under the flow of water, without allowing the container to touch any surfaces to avoid contamination.

   • Fill the container to the appropriate level without overfilling.

   • Cap the container tightly to prevent contamination.

3. Documentation:

   • Record the date, time, location of collection, and any specific conditions (e.g., weather, flow rate) in the Sampling Log or Chain of Custody Form.

   • If applicable, take multiple samples for different tests (e.g., microbiological, chemical analysis).

5.3 Sampling of Purified Water

1. Location and Timing:

   • Collect purified water samples at the appropriate points within the distribution system (e.g., point of use, after purification system, before storage tank).

   • Samples should be taken after the final purification step and before storage or use.

2. Sampling Procedure:

   • Clean and sanitize the sampling point (e.g., valve, faucet) using an appropriate disinfectant before sampling.

   • Run the water for 1–2 minutes to remove any stagnant water in the line.

   • Collect the sample directly into a clean, sterilized container.

   • Ensure that the container does not come into contact with any surfaces to avoid contamination.

   • Fill the container to the appropriate level without overfilling and cap it securely.

3. Documentation:

   • Record all relevant details (e.g., sample ID, date, time, and location) in the Sampling Log or Chain of Custody Form.

   • If necessary, take multiple samples for different analyses (e.g., chemical composition, microbial analysis, pH).

5.4 Sample Transport and Storage

1. Transport to Laboratory:

   • Transport water samples to the laboratory as soon as possible.

   • If required, store samples on ice or in a cooling box to maintain the integrity of the sample (particularly for microbiological testing).

   • Ensure that the transport container is clearly labeled and securely sealed to avoid tampering or contamination.

2. Handling During Transport:

   • Minimize the time between sample collection and testing to prevent any changes in water quality.

   • Ensure that the samples are kept under appropriate storage conditions as per the type of analysis.

5.5 Record Keeping and Reporting

1. Complete Documentation:

   • Ensure all sampling information is accurately documented, including the sample ID, collection point, date, time, and any observations.

   • Maintain all documentation in a secure, organized manner for future reference.

2. Sample Labeling:

   • Ensure that each sample is correctly labeled with relevant details (e.g., sample ID, date, location, and time of collection).

   • Attach labels to the sample container and corresponding forms (e.g., Chain of Custody form) to ensure proper tracking and handling.

6. Precautions

• Always ensure that sampling containers are clean and, if necessary, sterile to avoid contamination.

• Use clean and sanitized sampling tools to avoid introducing foreign substances into the sample.

• Do not touch the inside of the sample container or cap to maintain sample integrity.

• Ensure that samples are transported promptly and kept at the correct temperature if needed (e.g., for microbiological analysis).

• Ensure that sample collection points are clearly identified and represent the water’s quality accurately.

7. Documentation and Records

• Sampling Log: Record all details of the sample collection (sample ID, date, time, location, and any conditions).

• Chain of Custody Form: Ensure proper tracking and documentation of sample handling, including transfer and analysis.

• Transport Records: Document transport conditions (e.g., temperature) and timing of the sample transport.

8. Reference Documents

• Water Quality Monitoring Plan

• Relevant Analytical Test Methods (e.g., microbiological, chemical testing)

• SOPs for Laboratory Analysis

• Regulatory Guidelines for Water Sampling

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