by Dr. Yashashwini Reddy | Aug 27, 2025
Biocontamination Control Techniques for Purified Water System 1. Introduction Purified Water (PW) systems are highly susceptible to microbial contamination because they provide a favorable environment (nutrients, temperature, and surfaces) for microbial growth and...
by Dr. Yashashwini Reddy | Aug 27, 2025
Biofilm Removal and Chemical Sanitization of RO Systems 1. Introduction RO membranes in pharmaceutical water systems (Purified Water / WFI) are prone to biofilm formation due to microbial contamination and nutrient accumulation. Biofilm is a slimy matrix of...
by Dr. Yashashwini Reddy | Aug 27, 2025
Activated Carbon Filter in Water System 1. Introduction Activated Carbon (AC) filters are widely used in Purified Water (PW) and Water for Injection (WFI) pre-treatment systems.They are installed after multimedia filters and before softeners/RO systems. Main function:...
