by Dr. Yashashwini Reddy | Aug 27, 2025
Risk Assessment for Purified Water System in Pharmaceuticals 1. Objective To identify, evaluate, and control risks associated with the design, operation, and maintenance of the Purified Water System (PWS), ensuring compliance with GMP, pharmacopeial standards, and...
by Dr. Yashashwini Reddy | Aug 27, 2025
How to Remove Pathogens from Water Systems In pharmaceutical water systems (Purified Water, WFI, and water used in clean utilities), controlling and removing microbial pathogens is critical to meet GMP and pharmacopeial standards. 1. Source Control Use protected and...
by Dr. Yashashwini Reddy | Aug 27, 2025
Biocontamination Control Techniques for Purified Water System 1. Introduction Purified Water (PW) systems are highly susceptible to microbial contamination because they provide a favorable environment (nutrients, temperature, and surfaces) for microbial growth and...
by Dr. Yashashwini Reddy | Aug 27, 2025
Reynolds Number and Its Significance in Purified Water System 1. What is Reynolds Number? Reynolds number (Re) is a dimensionless number that predicts the flow regime of a fluid (laminar, transitional, or turbulent). Formula: ...
by Dr. Yashashwini Reddy | Aug 27, 2025
Biofilm Removal and Chemical Sanitization of RO Systems 1. Introduction RO membranes in pharmaceutical water systems (Purified Water / WFI) are prone to biofilm formation due to microbial contamination and nutrient accumulation. Biofilm is a slimy matrix of...
