PH Value, pH Scale and Its Measurement between 0 and 14

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PH Value, pH Scale and Its Measurement between 0 and 14

pH Value, pH Scale, and Its Measurement (0–14)


1. pH Value

  • Definition: pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration [H+][H⁺] in a solution, indicating its acidity or alkalinity.

  • Formula:


2. pH Scale (0–14)

pH Range Nature Example
0–3 Strongly acidic Battery acid, gastric acid
4–6 Weakly acidic Tomato juice, black coffee
7 Neutral Pure water
8–10 Weakly alkaline Baking soda solution
11–14 Strongly alkaline Bleach, soapy water

3. Measurement of pH

A. pH Meter Method (Most Accurate)

  • Steps:

    1. Calibrate the pH meter with standard buffer solutions (usually pH 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0).

    2. Rinse electrode with distilled water.

    3. Immerse the electrode in the sample.

    4. Record the reading when stabilized.

  • Advantages: High accuracy, quick measurement.

B. Indicator Paper (pH Paper)

  • Color change compared with a standard chart.

  • Suitable for quick, approximate readings.

C. Chemical Indicators

  • Use pH-sensitive dyes (e.g., phenolphthalein, methyl orange).

  • Mostly for titrations and qualitative analysis.


4. Factors Affecting pH Measurement

  • Temperature of solution (pH varies slightly with temperature).

  • Electrode condition and calibration.

  • Ionic strength of the solution.


5. Applications in Pharmaceuticals

  • Ensuring product stability (pH affects drug solubility and degradation).

  • Controlling fermentation and biochemical processes.

  • Maintaining water quality in manufacturing.

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Posted on

August 10, 2025

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